Ransomware has surged across South Africa, emerging as one of the most pressing cybersecurity threats facing local businesses today. As the country becomes a digital leader on the continent, its exposure to cybercrime and malware has grown exponentially. With a relatively advanced digital economy and a high volume of online business activity, South Africa presents a lucrative opportunity for cybercriminals and ransomware actors.
“South Africa’s status as a regional economic hub makes it attractive to attackers who know there’s a higher chance of ransom payments,” says Kumar Vaibhav, Lead Senior Solution Architect for Cybersecurity at In2IT Technologies. “The combination of high digital uptake and poor cyber hygiene creates a dangerous mix, increasing the risk of ransomware attacks.”
Why ransomware finds a home in South Africa
South African organisations hold vast amounts of sensitive data, from patient records in hospitals to financial data in banks. Criminals exploit weak points like outdated software and human error to gain entry. For example, a single unpatched vulnerability in a healthcare provider’s system could allow threat actors to encrypt critical records using ransomware like WannaCry or Ryuk.
“Too many organisations underestimate the cost of running outdated systems,” Vaibhav notes. “What seems like a minor delay in updating software can open the door to major breaches and data protection failures.”
Ransomware attack tactics: from phishing to exploits
Attackers often start with phishing emails, convincing employees to download malware-infected attachments. Once inside, the ransomware spreads rapidly, locking files and demanding payment — typically in cryptocurrency. This highlights the importance of security awareness training for all employees.
“Increasingly, attackers aren’t just locking data; they’re stealing it,” warns Vaibhav. “They use this for double extortion, threatening to leak the information if the ransom isn’t paid, turning a ransomware attack into a full-blown data breach.”
Some groups also use exploit kits, which silently install malware via compromised websites. For instance, a manufacturing company visiting an infected supplier site could unknowingly fall victim to ransomware like LockBit or Conti.
The financial fallout of ransomware
Beyond the immediate ransom payment, the indirect costs of a ransomware attack are substantial. These include system downtime, loss of revenue, reputational harm, and the cost of rebuilding IT infrastructure. A single attack can cripple a company’s operations for weeks, emphasising the need for robust incident response plans.
“Companies often focus on the ransom, but it’s just the tip of the iceberg,” Vaibhav says. “The real cost comes from the long recovery time and loss of trust. Effective risk management is crucial to mitigate these impacts.”
Prevention over cure: building resilient systems
Preventing attacks begins with awareness. Businesses must train employees to detect phishing and adopt strong password policies with Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA). Regular updates to software and operating systems are non-negotiable for ransomware protection.
“Cyber security is everyone’s responsibility,” Vaibhav emphasises. “From the receptionist to the CEO — everyone needs to understand the basics of digital hygiene and how to prevent ransomware attacks.”
Building a multi-layered defence
Effective cybersecurity isn’t a one-size-fits-all solution. A layered defence strategy — firewalls, intrusion detection systems, email filters, and behaviour-monitoring tools — creates multiple barriers to infection. This approach is crucial for network security and to stop ransomware.
“Think of it like layers of armour,” Vaibhav explains. “If one layer is breached, others are still there to stop the attacker and protect against malware and ransomware.”
Machine learning can also play a role in ransomware defence. Systems that detect abnormal network traffic patterns can act as early warning systems, flagging possible ransomware activity before serious damage is done.
The role of cyber insurance
While insurance shouldn’t replace cybersecurity measures, it offers financial backup. Many insurers now assess a company’s cyber readiness before offering cover, rewarding stronger defences with lower premiums.
“Insurance is a safety net, not a strategy,” says Vaibhav. “But it can be vital in recovering from an attack, especially when dealing with the aftermath of ransomware like Petya or Cryptolocker.”
Stay vigilant
Ransomware attacks in South Africa are escalating, but they are not inevitable. Businesses that adopt a proactive approach to cybersecurity can defend themselves effectively against the latest ransomware threats.
“Cyber resilience is about preparation,” concludes Vaibhav. “If you’re planning for the worst and implementing strong data protection measures, you’re already ahead of most. Remember, the key to mitigating ransomware risks lies in continuous vigilance and adapting to evolving threat landscapes.”
Photo by Antoni Shkraba Studio
